Reading Room: Subject specific
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Policy
2017
2013
ICC Antitrust Compliance Toolkit
Produced by the ICC Task Force on Antitrust Compliance and Advocacy. Launced 22 April 2013. See press release.
2012
Geoffrey A Manne and Seth Weinberger, 'International signals: The political dimension of international competition law' (Fall 2012) 57(3) The Antitrust Bulletin 485-561
2011
2010
2009
Buxbaum, Hannah L, 'Territory, Territoriality, and the Resolution of Jurisdictional Conflict' (2009) 57 American Journal of Comparative Law 631
Maher M Dabbah, 'Competition Law and Policy in Developing Countries: A Critical Assessment of the Challenges to Establishing an Effective Competition Law Regime' (2010) 33(3) World Competition 457-475
2008
2007
2006
Bhattacharjea, Aditya, 'The Case for a Multilateral Agreement on Competition Policy: A Developing Country Perspective' (2006) 9 Journal of International Economic Law 293
2004
Lorenzo Coppi and Walker, Mike, 'Substantial convergence or parallel paths? Similarities and differences in the economic analysis of horizontal mergers in US and EU competition law' (2004) Antitrust Bulletin 101
2003
Beckler, Richard W and Matthew H Kirtland, 'Extraterritorial Application of US Antitrust Law: What Is a "Direct, Substantial, and Reasonably Foreseeable Effect" Under the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act?' (2003) 38 Texas International Law Journal 11
2002
Guzman, Andrew T, 'Choice of Law: New Foundations' (2002) 90 Georgetown Law Journal 883
2001
Edward T Swaine, 'The Local Law of Global Antitrust' (2001) 43(2) William and Mary Law Review (at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=277232) (see also Edward T Swaine, 'The Local Law of Global Antitrust' (2001) (147 word working paper))
1999
Editorial, 'US International Antitrust Enforcement since the 1980s' (1999) 4(1) Economic Perspectives - An Electronic Journal of the US Information Agency 32
Griffin, Joseph P, 'Extraterritoriality in US and EU Antitrust Enforcement' (1999) 67 Antitrust Law Journal 159
1998
Barringer, William H, 'Competition Policy and Cross Border Dispute Resolution: Lessons Learned from the US-Japan Film Dispute' (1998) 6 George Mason Law Review 459
Claudio Cocuzza and Massimiliano Montini, 'International Antitrust Co-operation in a Global Economy' (1998) 19 European Competition Law Review 15
Griffin, Joseph P, 'Foreign Governmental Reactions to US Assertions of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction' (1998) 6 George Mason Law Review 505
Griffin, Joseph P, 'Foreign Governmental Reactions to US Assertions of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction' (1998) European Competition Law Reports 64
1992
Guzman, Andrew, 'Is International Antitrust Possible?' (1998) 73 New York University Law Review 1501
1997
John M Connor, 'International Convergence of Antitrust Law and Enforcement' (1997) 28 Antitrust Law & Economics Review 17
Editorial, 'United States-Australia mutual Antitrust Assistance Agreement proposed' (1997) 5 European Community Law Review 107
1996
Atwood, James R., 'Blocking Statutes and Sovereign Compulsion in American Antitrust Litigation' (1996) 27 Swiss Review of International Competition Law 5
Brittan, Leon, 'Towards an International Framework of Competition Rules' (1996) 24 International Business Lawyer 454
1993
Alford, Roger P, 'The Extraterritorial Application of Antitrust Laws: A Postscript on Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. California' (1993) 34 Virginia Journal of International Law 213
1992
Alford, Roger P, 'The Extraterritorial Application of Antitrust Laws: The United States and European Community Approaches' (1992) 33 Virginia Journal of International Law 1
Anderson, Timothy L, 'Extraterritorial Application of National Antitrust Laws: The Need for More Uniform Regulation' (1992) 38 Wayne Law Review 1579
Institutional design
2015
Annetje Ottow, Market and Competition Authorities: Good Agency Principles (OUP, 2015)
2014
Annetje T. Ottow, ‘Erosion or innovation?: The institutional design of competition agencies—A Dutch case study’ (2014) 2(1) Journal of Antitrust Enforcement 25-43 available at https://doi.org/10.1093/jaenfo/jnt016
2013
Eleonor M Fox and Michael J Trebilcock (eds), The Design of Competition Law Institutions: Global Norms, Local Choices (OUP, 2013)
2012
Firat Cengiz, Antitrust Federalism in the EU and the US (Routledge, 2012)
2011
William E Kovacic, ‘Institutional Foundations for Economic Legal Reform Transition Economies: The Case of Competition Policy and Antitrust Enforcement’ (2001) 77 Chicago-Kent L Rev 265, 314
1996
Robert E Goodin (ed), The Theory of Institutional Design (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Cartels
2011
Caron Beaton-Wells and Ariel Ezrachi (eds), Criminalising Cartels, Hart (2011)
2009
Maher Dabbah and Barry Hawk (eds), Anti-Cartel Enforcement Worldwide, 3 volumes, Cambridge University Press (2009)
2008
John M Connor, Global Price Fixing (Studies in Industrial Organization), Springer (2008)
Unilateral conduct (including abuse of power and vertical restraints)
2013
Annalies Azzopardi, ''Dominant Position': A Term in Search of Meaning' (2015) Global Antitrust Review (PDF)
'Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union applies
only to dominant undertakings. However the definition of the term ‘dominant
position’ originally established by the Court of Justice of the European Union
poses some problems of interpretation. There have been many attempts at
rationalising this definition, including attempts to equate it to the economic
concept of ‘substantial market power’. This article considers the definition
of ‘dominant position’, and assesses the problems associated with the current
legal definition. It reviews the attempts made to make sense of the legal
definition and examines whether in reality ‘dominance’ amounts to
‘substantial market power’.'
2006
Robert W Hahn, Antitrust Policy and Vertical Restraints, Brookings Institution Press (2006)
1991
Mergers
2015
Ioulia Kampouridi, 'Arguments for the EU-US Convergence and against a Global Merger Control Regime' (2015) 38(1) World Competition 107–132
Abstract: The internationalization of markets, i.e., globalization, has resulted in a number of transnational mergers during the past few years, which require ex ante notification filings in multiple jurisdictions. This requirement is costly for both the merging companies and regulators and creates uncertainty. Responding to this phenomenon, commentators have argued for the establishment of a global merger control policy administered by a global agency. I argue against this proposal for two reasons. First, I evaluate procedural concerns that include the requirement to give reasons and the third parties' and the merging parties' right to appeal the national regulators' decision. Second, I explore the debate as to what the goals of antitrust law should be and examine their biased application to particular facts. I illustrate my argument against the adoption of a global merger law applied by a single agency using the three recent mergers between US Airways and American Airlines, between Universal and EMI and between Microsoft and Skype. Lastly, I examine different solutions offered by commentators and propose a modest solution which would mitigate the problem of duplicative review of transnational mergers by the EU and the US To conclude, I advocate the desirability of EU-US convergence in merger control.
2014
Benjamin R. Kern, 'Innovation Markets, Future Markets, or Potential Competition: How Should Competition Authorities Account for Innovation Competition in Merger Reviews?' (2014)(2) 37 World Competition 173–206
2013
Ilene Knable Gotts, ‘Navigating Multijurisdictional Merger Reviews: Suggestions from a Practitioner’ (2013) 9(2) Competition Law International 149
George A Hay and E Jane Murdoch, 'A tale of two cities: From Davids Holdings to Metcash' (2013) 20 Competition & Consumer Law Journal 213
Simon Hirsbrunner, 'The Converted Missionary: Germany Revises its Merger Control Regime' (April 2013) 9(1) Competition Law International 67
Katri Paas-Mohando ‘Do small economies need specific rules for substantive aspects of merger control?’ (2013) 34(5) European Competition Law Review 260
Michael Pickford, 'A comparison of merger regulation in New Zealand and the United States' (2012) 20 CCLJ 95
Richard Steuer, Jodi Simali and John Roberti, 'Competition Law in Merger Transactions: Managing and Allocating Risk in the New Normal' (April 2013) 9(1) Competition Law International 31
Dan Wi, 'China's Anti-Monopoly Law and its Merger Enforcement: Convergence and Flexibility' (2011) Journal of International Economic Law 14(4) 807-844
David Young, 'Acquiring power: The ACCC's Loy Yang Power decision and the legacy of Australian Gas Light Company v ACCC (No 3) (2013) 20 Competition & Consumer Law Journal 227
ICC Antitrust Compliance Toolkit
Produced by the ICC Task Force on Antitrust Compliance and Advocacy. Launced 22 April 2013. See press release.
2012
Ken Heyer, 'Optimal Remedies for Anticompetitive Mergers' (Spring 2012) Antitrust 26
Alexandr Svetlicinii and Külliki Lugenberg, ‘Merger remedies in a small market economy: the Estonian experience’ (2012) 33(10) European Competition Law Review 475-481
Anne C Witt, 'From Airtours to Ryanair: Is the more Economic Approach to EU Merger Law Really About More Economics?' (2012) 49 Common Market Law Review 217-246
Danielle Wood and Morelle Bull, 'Holding out for a hero: Assessing mergers between potential competitors' (2012) 20 CLLJ 125
2011
Marco Botta, 'Merger Remedies Imposed by the Competition Authorities of the Emerging Economies' (2011) 34(2) World Competition 321-338
John B Kirkwood, 'Buyer Power and Merger Policy' (Working Paper, Draft 1, 1 April 2011) (at SSRN) (note, see 2012 version)
J Thomas Rosch and Darren S Tucker, 'Emerging Theories of Competitive Harm in Merger Enforcement' (October 2011) The Antitrust Source
D Daniel Sokol and James A Fishkin, 'Response: Antitrust Merger Efficiencies in the Shadow of the Law' (2011) 64 Vanderbilt Law Review En Banc 45 [also available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1800420]
Response to:
Jamie Henikoff Moffitt, 'Merging in the Shadow of the Law: The Case for Consistent Judicial Efficiency Analysis' (2010) 63 Vand. L. Rev. 1697
Neeraj Tiwari, 'Merger Under the Regime of Competition Law: A Comparative Study of the Indian Legal Framework with EC and UK' (2011) 23(1) Bond Law Review 117
Emma Trogen, 'National Merger Control - Towards further convergence in multi-jurisdictional filing processes' (2011) 4 Global Antitrust Review
Dan Wi, 'China's Anti-Monopoly Law and its Merger Enforcement: Convergence and Flexibility' (2011) Journal of International Economic Law 14(4) 807-844
2010
Cerasi, Chizzolini and Ivaldi, 'The Impact of Mergers on the Degree of Competition in the Banking Industry' (Nota Di Lavoro, 95.2010)
Julie Clarke, The International Regulation of Transnational Mergers (PHD Thesis, Qld UT, 2010)
Malcolm B Coate and Jeffrey H Fischer, 'Why Markets Matter for Evidence-Based Merger Analysis' (January 2010) Oxera Agenda
J Farrell and C Shapiro, 'Antitrust Evaluation of Horizontal Mergers: an Economic Alternative to Market Definition' (February 2010)
Alison Oldale and Jorge Padilla, 'For welfare's sake? Balancing rivalry and efficiencies in horizontal mergers' (2010) 55(4) The Antitrust Bulletin 953
John J Parisi, 'Cooperation Among Competition Authorities in Merger Regulation' (2010) 43 Cornell Int'l LJ 55 55-72
Joseph J Simons and Malcolm B Coate, 'Upward Pressure on Price Analysis: Issues and Implications for Merger Policy' (August 2010) 6(2) European Competition Journal 377
2009
Bell, Robert B, 'Voluntary HSR Filings: A Modest Proposal' (2009) 23 Antitrust 69
Choe Chongwoo and Chander Shekhar, Compulsory or Voluntary Pre-Merger Notification? Theory and Some Evidence,
February 2009 (unpublished)
William E Kovacic, 'Assessing the Quality of CompetitionPolicy: The Case of Horizontal Merger Enforcement' (Spring 2009) 5(1) Competition Policy International 129
Sophie Papon, ‘Structural v behavioural remedies in merger control: a case to case analysis’ (2009) 30(1) European Competition Law Review 36-48
Myojo, Satoshi and Hiroshi Ohashi, 'Assessing the Consequences of a Horizontal Merger and its Remedies in a Dynamic Environment', Research Paper, CIRJE-F-609, January 2009
Ramsey Shehadeh, Joseph larson and Ilene Knable Gotts, 'The Effect of Financial Distress on Business Investment: Implications for Merger Review' (Spring 2009) Antitrust 12
2008
Dennis W Carlton, 'The Need to Measure the Effect of Merger Policy and How to Do It' (2008) 22 Antitrust 39
Joseph Farrell and Carl Shapiro - Antitrust Evaluation of Horizontal Mergers: An Economic Alternative to Market Definition,
Working Paper, 9 December 2008
Herbert J Hovenkamp, Mergers and Market Dominance, Research Paper, January 2008
2007
William Rowley QC and Omar Wakil, 'The ICN five years on' (Global Competition Review, February 2007)
2006
Akbar, Yusaf H and Gabriele GS Suder, 'The New EU Merger Regulation: Implications for EU-US Merger Strategies' (2006) 48 Thunderbird International Business Review 667
Ezrachi, Ariel, 'Merger Control and Cross Border Transactions - A Pragmatic View on Cooperation, Convergence and What's in Between' (Working Paper No CCLP(L) 07, University of Oxford Centre for Competition Law and Policy, 2005) (22 pages)
Fackelmann, Christian R Dynamic Efficiency Considerations in EC Merger Control - An Intractable Subject or a Promising Chance for Innovation?, Working Paper 2006
Katri Paas, ‘Non-structural remedies in EU merger control’ (2006) 27(5) European Competition Law Review 209-216
2005
Anwar, Syed Tariq, 'EU's Competition Policy and the GE-Honeywell Merger Fiasco: Transatlantic Divergence and Consumer and Regulatory Issues' (2005) 47 Thunderbird International Business Review 601
Cabral, Luís MB, 'An Equilibrium Approach to International Merger Policy' (2005) 25 International Journal of Industrial Organization 739
Christopher A Whytock, 'A Rational Design Theory of Transgovernmentalism: The Case of EU-US Merger Review Cooperation' (2005) 23 Boston University International Law Journal 1
Joseph A Clougherty and Anming Zhang, 'Export Orientation and Domestic Merger Policy: Theory and Some Empirical Evidence' (2005) 38 Canadian Journal of Economics 778
2004
A Ezrachi, 'The Role of Voluntary Frameworks in Multinational Cooperation over Merger Control' (2004) 36 George Washington International Law Review 433 [abstract at SSRN]
J William Rowley QC and A Neil Campbell, 'Implementation of the International Competition Network's Recommended Practices for Merger Notification Procedures: Final Report' (2004) 5(1) Business Law International 110
2003
Luís MB Cabral, 'International Merger Policy Coordination' (2003) 15 Japan and the World Economy 21
Chunlai Chen and Christopher Findlay, 'A Review of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions in APEC' (2003) 17 Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 14
John F Clifford, Mark Opashinov and Michael Hollinger, 'Efficiency-dependent Mergers: Lessons from Canada' (2003) 6 Global Competition Review 23
J William Rowley QC, 'The Internationalisation of Merger Review: Global Solutions Require Both Words and Actions' (The 2003 Antitrust Conference: Antitrust Issues in Today's Economy, The Waldorf Astoria, New York, 18-19 March 2003)
2002
Akbar, Yusaf, 'Grabbing Victory from the Jaws of Defeat: Can the GE/Honeywell Merger Facilitate International Antitrust Policy Co-operation?' (2002) 25 World Competition 403
Brown, Jay and Niamh Connery, 'Comparing US and EU Merger Review: Procedures, Principles and Whether Adopting the "Substantial Lessening of Competition" Test in the EU will Produce Greater Harmony after GE/Honeywell' (2002) 1 Antitrust Quarterly 2
Miguel de la Mano - For the customer’s sake: The competitive effects of efficiencies in European merger control, Enterprise Papers No 11, 2002
Notification and Procedures Subgroup of the Mergers Working Group, 'Report on the Costs and Burdens of Multijurisdictional Merger Review' (First Annual Conference, Napoli, Italy, September 28-29, 2002)
2001
Aktas, Nihat, Eric de Bodt, Michel Levasseur and Andre Schmitt, 'The Emerging Role of the European Commission in Merger and Acquisition Monitoring: the Boeing-McDonnell Douglas Case' (2001) 7 European Financial Management 447
William Baer and Ronald C Redcay, 'Solving CompetitionProblems in Merger Control: The Requirements for an Effective Divestiture Remedy (2001) 69 Goerge Washington Law Review 915
Blumenthal, William, 'Reconciling the Debate over Merger Remedies: A Discussant's Proposed Decision Rule' (2001) 69 George Washington Law Review 978
Baer, William J and R C Redcay, 'Solving Competition Problems in Merger Control: The Requirements for an Effective Divestiture Remedy' (2001) 69 George Washington Law Review 915
Ezrachi, Ariel, 'Limitations on the Extraterritorial Reach of the European Merger Regulation' (2001) 22 European Competition Law Review 137
2000
Black, Bernard S, 'Is This the First International Merger Wave?' (2000) 4(4) The M&A Lawyer 20
Black, Bernard S., 'The First International Merger Wave (and the Fifth and Last U.S. Wave)' (2000) 51 University of Miami Law Review 799
Bian, Lin and DG McFedtridge, 'The Efficiencies Defence in Merger Cases: Implications of Alternative Standards' (2000) 33 Canadian Journal of Economics 297
Corones, Stephen, 'The Treatment of Global Mergers: An Australian Perspective' (2000) 20 Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 155
International Competition Policy Advisory Committee (ICPAC), Final Report to the Attorney General and Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust (2000)
See, in particular, chapters 2-3 relating to merger control.
Rowley, J William, Omar K Wakil and A Neil Campbell, Streamlining International Merger Control, EC Merger Control 10th Anniversary Conference, Brussels, Belgium, 14 September 2000
1999
JF Rill and C Wilson, ‘Selected Recommendations for Substantive and Procedural Convergence in the Multi-Jurisdictional Merger Context’ (199) International Antitrust Law and Policy 368.
1998
Banks, J D, 'The Development of the Concept of Extraterritoriality under European Merger Law and its Effectiveness under the Merger Regulation following the Boeing/McDonnell Douglas Decision 1997' [1998] European Competition Law Review 306
Mary Coleman, Christopher Pleatsikas, and David Teece, 'The Merger Guidelines in the United States, Australia and New Zealand: An Economic Perspective' (1998) 6 Trade Practices Law Journal 153
Michael G Cowie, 'The Global Spread of Antitrust Enforcement Directed at Mergers and Acquisitions' (1998) 43 Antitrust Bulletin 917
1997
A Neil Campbell and Jeffrey P Roode, 'International Mergers: The Highest Common Denominator Effect' (August 1997) Global Competition Review
1995
R Gilbert and SC Sunshine, 'Incorporating Dynamic Efficiency Concerns in Merger ANalysis: The Use of Innovation Markets' (1995) 63 Antitrust Law Journal569-601
1993
Jennifer Antognini-O'Neill, 'Conflicts in International Merger Enforcement: The Proposed de Havilland Merger' (1993) 9 Connecticut Journal of International Law 87
Deanna Conn, 'Assessing the Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements and New Rules of Origin on the Extraterritorial Application of Antitrust Law to International Mergers' (1993) 93 Columbia Law Review 119
1992
1969
Elzinga, Kenneth G, 'The Antimerger Law: Pyrrhic Victories?' (1969) 12 Journal of Law and Economics 43
1951
Adams, Walter, 'Dissolution, Divorcement, Divestiture: The Pyrrhic Victories of Antitrust' (1951) 27 Indiana Law Journal 1